The Japanese Vacation Visitor to Alaska: A Preliminary Examination of Peak and Off Season Traveler Demographics,Information Source Utilization,Trip Planning,and Customer Satisfaction

Summary

The current study examines data gathered on the Japanese visitor to Alaska during the summer of 1996 and winter of 1997. The survey focused on several topics: the demographic profile of the visitor, their motivations, the sources of information used, actual trip behaviors, and indices of customer satisfaction. Results indicate that the Japanese visitor to Alaska segment may be further subdivided based on season, winter and summer. Implications are discussed.     

Human factors in the transfer of the ‘Japanese best practice’ manufacturing system to Singapore

A detailed examination of the practices reported by managers in thirty-one affiliates of Japanese companies engaged in manufacturing in Singapore revealed a high degree of conformity with the Japanese best practice (also known as ‘lean production’) model in the way work is organized and in the shop-floor level manufacturing practices, but greater conformity to host country norms in the HRM practices applied to the local work-force. This is consistent with the patterns reported in the existing literature regarding Japanese transplants in other countries, including the US and the UK. Strong statistical relationships were found in the Singapore study among the work organization cluster, the manufacturing practices cluster, and the performance outcomes. No significant relationships were found between the HRM cluster and any of the ‘downstream’ variables (work organization, manufacturing practices or performance outcomes), but relatively heavy reliance on expatriates was found to be highly related to work organization, manufacturing practices and performance outcomes. These findings suggest that heavy reliance on expatriates may function as an alternative to Japanese-style HRM practices in situations where it would be unduly difficult or costly to extend the whole package of Japanese-style HRM practices to the local work-force.     

日本学者眼中的"靺鞨"——以石井正敏和小岛芳孝的研究为中心

渤海国是7～10世纪存在于我国东北地区的一个地方民族政权。繁盛期的渤海国疆域辽阔，广涉现在我国的东北地区、俄罗斯远东滨海地区、朝鲜半岛北部等。因此，渤海国研究在申、日、俄、韩、朝等国都受到广泛的关注。把目光锁定在日本，从代表性学者的研究中，观察他们是如何看待“靺鞨”及“靺鞨国”的，从深层比较中日文化的差异，最终达到理解日本文化的目的。     

中国与东盟主要竞争产品在日本市场上的竞争力分析

文章首先根据历史数据找出中国与东盟在日本市场上的主要竞争产品，再应用转移——份额法分析与东盟同类产品在日本市场上的竞争力状况。结果显示：中国与东盟在日本市场上竞争的主要产品有三类，它们的2位数HS编码分别为84、85和27。与东盟同类产品相比，目前我国前两类产品已具有总体出口竞争力优势，但仍处于产业结构竞争劣势；后一类产品则一直处于总体出口竞争力劣势和产业结构竞争劣势。因此，应该深化产业结构调整，增加这些产品的出口附加值。     

区域经济、社会发展的重要途径—府际关系视域下地方政府合作

随着区域经济一体化的发展和中央向地方的逐步放权，地方政府作为一个相对独立的地区利益主体的角色日益凸显。当今区域经济、社会发展过程中遇到的资源、环保、就业等诸多问题，需要通过地方政府的分析来解决。因此有必要强调要树立合作共赢的行政理念、完善地方政府合作的法律制度、建立地方政府合作协调机构等，以高效实现各级地方政府的行政目标，达到合作共赢的目的。     

培养学生日语自主探索能力的思考

为适应经济全球化迅猛发展，导致的国际交流和贸易日趋频密的需要，高校日语专业的人才培养目标必须从原本单一只培养具有基础技能的日语人才方向转向培养既精通日语，又有相当强探索能力的高级日语人才，使新世纪日语专业的大学生在社会上能有更强的竞争力和适应力。该文主要从新时期社会经济发展对日语专业人才的实际需求出发，探讨教师在学生自主探索能力方面进行的人才培养。     

我国增值税地方分享部分的区域间分配办法及其改进

1994年分税制财政管理体制改革以来，我国增值税地方分享比例出现了不断下降的趋势。与其他开征增值税、并实行增值税中央与地方分享的OECD国家相比，目前我国地方政府的增值税分享比例并不高。但是，增值税地方分享部分按来源地在各地区间分配的操作办法仍然难以平押地方政府的投资冲动，不利于促进区域间基本公共服务的均等化，也不利于改进政府的执政理念。在仍将增值税地方政府分享部分明确为地方收入的基础上，应改革按来源地在各地区间分配的办法，建立一种综合考虑各相关因素的更为合理的分配策略。     

Knowledge embeddedness and the transfer mechanisms in multinational corporations

This paper reports a qualitative study conducted at four Japanese subsidiaries in China and Vietnam about their process of international knowledge transfer. Building on the literatures concerning the diverse types and characteristics of knowledge in multinational corporations (MNCs), we explore the broad mechanisms adopted and locally generated by the host country subsidiaries for transferring the foreign knowledge and putting the locally embedded knowledge into practical use at the local settings. The findings indicated (1) the limitations of applying a standardized and universal set of knowledge transfer mechanisms without considering local idiosyncrasies and (2) the contributions of local agents and institutions throughout the process of local knowledge adaptation and development.     

基于Hill估计的VaR计算——以次贷危机为例

对极值分布的尾部形式、Hill估计量、风险价值分析等进行了理论分析,应用极值理论中的Hill估计对2002-01-04至2008-09-18期间的上证综指、道琼斯指数、恒生指数等做了风险价值的计算,比较和分析各国面临的市场风险的大小：认为美国次贷危机的爆发给全球金融市场带来了巨大风险,对中国的影响尤为巨大。     

Analysis of marine ecological compensation for environmental risk caused by chemical spill based on game theory

The problem of marine environmental risk is ultimately the result of game theory between the marine environmental managers and the enterprise of potential environmental risk. This paper analyzes the internal economic relationship that whether the “protection” policy is applied between the protection action of marine environmental managers and the chemical enterprise. The result shows that the key factor whether the enterprise adopt the “protection” policy or not is the amount of penalty and the government＇s cost of execution, and the compulsive ecological compensation is obligatory from the angle of stimulating the enterprise of canonical action and adopting the “protection” policy. To build the ecological compensation mechanism based on the environmental risk will effectively improve the level of management in sea area and decrease the probability of chemical spill.